Issue No. 597

Published 27 Sep 2023

Navigating climate change, donor fatigue, and humanitarian crisis

Published on 27 Sep 2023 16:35 min

Navigating climate change, donor fatigue, and humanitarian crisis

In a world grappling with the consequences of climate change, few nations face as dire a future as Somalia. Rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, erratic rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events are becoming the new normal. The nation's predominantly rural population, heavily dependent on pastoralism and agriculture, is caught in the crosshairs of this environmental crisis. Famine was avoided last year, but over 40,000 people, half of them children under 5, died due to the intense drought. Somalia stands at a critical juncture where the convergence of climate change, donor fatigue, and humanitarian crisis threatens to plunge the nation into further instability.
 
Somalia's pastoral communities have relied on livestock such as camels, goats, and cattle for centuries. These nomadic herders have learned to adapt to the arid environment, migrating in search of water and grazing land. However, the changing climate is making their way of life untenable. Droughts are more severe and prolonged, causing an estimated four million livestock losses that have devastated livelihoods. As pastures wither and water sources diminish, tensions rise among competing communities. This threatens to exacerbate conflict in an already fragile state.
 
Agriculture, which has struggled due to inadequate infrastructure and land degradation, is also threatened by climate change. Rainfall patterns are increasingly erratic, leading to crop failures and food shortages. Without reliable access to water for irrigation, farmers find it difficult to diversify their crops and adapt to changing conditions. In a country where agriculture contributes significantly to the economy and food security, the implications of this vulnerability are dire.
 
The interplay of climate change, poverty, and conflict has resulted in an ever-worsening humanitarian situation in Somalia. Millions of Somalis now need humanitarian assistance, and over a quarter of the country is trapped in crisis-level hunger. Malnutrition rates are rising, and access to clean water is limited. Displaced populations are vulnerable to disease outbreaks, and children are unable to access quality education. The scale of this crisis has prompted international donors and organisations to provide aid, but donor fatigue looms large.
 
While Somalia has relied on international assistance for years, donor fatigue is a growing concern. Frequent appeals for humanitarian aid have led to diminishing support from donor nations. As other global crises capture the world's attention, Somalia is finding it increasingly challenging to secure the resources it needs to address its climate-related challenges and humanitarian needs.
 
On 19 September, senior European Union (EU) anonymous officials reported the temporary suspension of funding to the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) following a UN investigation that uncovered a significant diversion of humanitarian aid. Though the total European Commission funding amounted to just USD 7 million of the USD 1 billion that WFP received last year, it is symptomatic of a growing frustration over humanitarian programmes from which a significant portion of support is siphoned off. In June, the WFP and USAID suspended aid to Ethiopia, after an initial suspension to the Tigray region, after uncovering systematic aid theft. 
 
The investigation in Somalia reportedly revealed an entire ‘ecosystem’ that stole humanitarian aid, ranging from the gatekeepers who control access to internally displaced person (IDP) camps to local authorities and security forces. IDPs were forced to pay part of their cash aid to officials across Somalia. Ironically, the use of cash aid in Somalia accelerated after another international aid theft scandal in 2011.
 
The UN investigation is deeply troubling, and points to the harsh realities and complexities of aid delivery in a country of weak and predatory institutions and widespread insecurity. But the needs of Somalia’s population will only to increase as its youthful population comes of age in an ever-warmer world.

It is imperative for the international community to recognise the long-term commitment required to stabilise Somalia and build resilience to climate change. But Somalia must also tackle the scourge of corruption that continues to undermine the country’s climate adaptation, those most in need of humanitarian aid, and its relationships with donor institutions. If the delivery of international aid is perpetuating the marginalisation of IDPs and other communities in Somalia, then it must be reevaluated. But, as in Ethiopia, a significant and long-term suspension would hurt the most vulnerable.

The international community must recognise the situation's urgency and commit to long-term engagement with Somalia. It needs sustained international support and cooperation to address both immediate humanitarian needs and long-term climate resilience. Building resilience to climate change and supporting the country are not only moral imperatives but also vital for regional and global security. Somalia's future hangs in the balance, and the world must act now to ensure it is a hopeful one.

The Somali Wire team

To continue reading, create a free account or log in.

Gain unlimited access to all our Editorials. Unlock Full Access to Our Expert Editorials — Trusted Insights, Unlimited Reading.

Create your Sahan account Login

Unlock lifetime access to all our Premium editorial content

You may also be interested in

Issue No. 328
The TPLF versus the TIA-- again
The Ethiopian Cable

Another showdown over Tigray's political architecture is unfolding, with the future of the Tigray Interim Administration (TIA) once again at stake. For much of this year, fears of renewed war have loomed over Ethiopia's northernmost region, with the federal government mobilising substantial forces to the edges of Tigray.


19:44 min read 21 Apr
Issue No. 950
A City Without Its People
The Somali Wire

In Act III, Scene I of William Shakespeare's tragedy Coriolanus, the tribune Sicinius addresses the gathered representatives and, rejecting the disdain the titular character displays towards plebeians, defends them, stating, "What is the city but the people?" Capturing the struggle between the elite and the masses of ancient Rome, the line has remained politically resonant for centuries--emphasising that a city, democracy, and state rely on the people, not just their leader. Or perhaps, not just its buildings. It is a lesson missed by Villa Somalia, though, with the twilight weeks of President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud's term in office — at least, constitutionally — dominated by the government's twin campaigns in the capital: land clearances and the militarisation of Mogadishu.


20:32 min read 20 Apr
Issue No. 949
The Unravelling of Somalia's Consociational Order
The Somali Wire

On Tuesday, 14 April, the four-year term of Somalia's federal parliament ended, or rather, it didn't. Villa Somalia's (un)constitutional coup of a year-long term extension for the parliament and president in March remains in effect, leaving the institution in a kind of lingering zombie statehood. It is perhaps a fitting denouement for the 11th parliament, whose degeneration has been so thorough that its formal expiration means little in practice.


18:46 min read 17 Apr
Issue No. 125
After Three Years of War, What Is Left of Sudan?
The Horn Edition

Yesterday, 15 April, marked three years of brutal, grinding warfare between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Wholly neglected by a fading international community, many grim landmarks have been passed; another genocide in Darfur, the weaponisation of rape and starvation, another famine, or the desecration of Khartoum, El Fasher, and other major cities. And with no ceasefire or settlement in sight, the war has continued to swell, drawing in each neighbouring African country as tussling Middle Eastern powers grapple for the upper hand-- leaving Sudan in tatters.


28:01 min read 16 Apr
Issue No. 948
Somaliland's Maritime Security Dividends
The Somali Wire

As global energy markets reel from the partial shutdown of the Strait of Hormuz and war insurance premiums skyrocket by nearly 4,000%, an unlikely maritime security provider is emerging as a critical stabiliser in one of the world's most vital shipping corridors. The Somaliland Coast Guard, operating from the port city of Berbera, has quietly begun providing maritime escort services, seeking to reduce shipping insurance costs—and consequently, the price of commodities and energy for consumers across the Horn of Africa and beyond.


22:19 min read 15 Apr
Issue No. 327
The Afterlife of Swinging Addis
The Ethiopian Cable

Most nights in a number of dimly lit bars in Addis Ababa, one can hear a vibraphone hum over a syncopated bassline. The sprightly rhythm is unmistakably jazz, but the scales are Ethiopian; pentatonic, looping and melodic. Five decades after its pioneering by visionary musician Mulatu Astatke, Ethio-jazz remains in full swing, with its renaissance from the late 1990s persevering despite tough political and cultural conditions.


20:12 min read 14 Apr
Issue No. 947
Allies Spar in Somalia: What Could Be Driving the Türkiye-Uganda Spat?
The Somali Wire

Over the weekend, a flurry of viral posts on X (formerly Twitter) highly critical of Türkiye by the Ugandan army chief risked tipping the three-way relations between Somalia, Türkiye, and Uganda into a new tailspin. General Muhoozi - the son of Ugandan President Yoweri K. Museveni and the Chief of the Ugandan People's Defence Forces (UPDF) - accused Türkiye of disrespect, threatened to pull troops out of Somalia, and further demanded USD 1 billion in compensation from Ankara. Although the posts were deleted on Sunday, the storm the comments generated has not died down.


16:31 min read 13 Apr
Issue No. 946
The Reckoning: Breakdown of Somalia’s Third Republic
The Somali Wire

The 19th-century Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky wrote in his novel, The Brothers Karamazov: “Above all, do not lie to yourself. A man who lies to himself and listens to his own lie comes to a point where he does not discern any truth either in himself or anywhere around him.” In Somalia today, we are suffering because our head of state has lied to himself so much so, that Dostoevsky had alluded to, he has reached a point where he does not discern any truth either in himself or anywhere around him. However, before we delve into the nature or purpose of the lie and its grave national, regional, and international consequences, a bit of history is warranted on Somalia as a nation-state.


18:55 min read 10 Apr
Issue No. 124
A Trade That Won't Die
The Horn Edition

In September 2025, Feisal Mohammed Ali was arrested for possession and trading in two rhino horns worth USD 63,000. This was not the first time that this smuggler had seen the bars of a Kenyan prison cell. On 22 July 2016, Feisal - described as an “ivory smuggling kingpin” - received a 20-year prison sentence and fined USD 150,000 for dealing 314 pieces of ivory. Weighing over two tonnes, the ivory was estimated to have come from around 120 elephants. Hailed as a turning point in Kenya’s pioneering crackdown on Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT), Feisal’s incarceration became proof of the country’s commitment to safeguarding its wildlife. This frail pillar came crashing down in August 2018 when Feisal was released following the acquittal of his sentence due to alleged use of tampered evidence by the prosecution.


30:03 min read 09 Apr
Scroll