Return and (Re)Integration after Displacement

Internal displacement is a key economic and social development concern in Somaliland. The increased frequency of severe droughts culminated in the third food emergency in a decade in 2023. In addition, the outbreak of armed conflict in eastern Somaliland, as well as more localised and smaller-scale communal violence in 2023, have led to fresh displacement to central Togdheer region, which has already been hosting displaced citizens for many years.}

This paper explores mobility and migration in the context of strategies of adaptation to dynamic environmental changes in Tana River County of coastal Kenya. The study has three objectives.}

In the Horn of Africa (HoA), investments in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and other employability programmes are typically predicated on the assumption that these activities will: a) provide alternatives to migration and reduce young people’s incentives to follow irregular migratory routes; and b) reduce young people’s incentives to become involved with violent groups, thus contributing to conflict prevention and stability in the region.}