SOMALIA: CLIMATE CHANGE AND ARMED CONFLICT IN A FRAGILE STATE (2025)

As al Shabaab embarked on a sweeping offensive across much of central Somalia in April 2025, diplomats in Somalia’s seaside capital began mulling over a disconcerting hypothetical.}

The Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agenda, established against the backdrop of the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 of 2000, calls for women’s full, equal, and meaningful participation in political and peace processes.}

Somalia has for decades been a geopolitical theatre in which external competition and rivalries have played out. In recent years, the Horn state has become an arena for rival ‘Islamic’ middle powers vying for influence and dominance.}