Security Sector Reform (SSR) in Somalia has long been recognised as a critical component of peacebuilding and state development, yet tangible progress remains limited. Under President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud’s new administration, SSR has once again taken centre stage, with early promises to reform outdated legal frameworks and federalise the security apparatus. Major priorities include depoliticising the Somali Security Forces (SSF), reinstating civilian oversight, and holding accountable those who misused security power for political gain under the previous regime. Collaboration with Federal Member States (FMSs) will be essential to reform key institutions like the National Security Council and implement the 2017 National Security Architecture. Additionally, a coherent legal framework, improved coordination with donors, and stronger ICT, logistics, and asset management systems are critical to ensure both efficiency and accountability. One of the most urgent reforms is the removal of inadequately vetted Al-Shabaab defectors from within the SSF, a legacy of the previous administration’s missteps.